Orde Baru Suharto Years 1965 to 1998

Orde Baru (New Order) –The Suharto Years: 1965 to 1998
1966
January Roundups continue of PKI supporters, degenerate into random, unplanned violence in many areas.
Sukarno holds a meeting of economic advisors in Cipanas to discuss the nationalization of U.S. oil company properties by presidential decree. Suharto arrives by helicopter, walks into the meeting and states that the nationalization will not happen.

January 15 Sukarno holds a cabinet meeting in Bogor, and invites members of student organizations to attend. Anti-communist students demonstrate outside.

February 13 “Mahmillub” tribunals begin of persons accused of involvment in the September 30th coup. (Almost 900 are tried in these special tribunals through 1978.)

February 21 Sukarno names new cabinet, including Omar Dhani and Subandrio, who are wanted for arrest.

February 24 Student demonstrations stop traffic in Jakarta. Sukarno uses helicopters to fly his new cabinet to swearing-in ceremonies. Presidential guards fire on students, killing two.

February 25 Sukarno and Suharto meet. Student organizations are declared dissolved and demonstrations are banned.

February 28 Subandrio declares that “terror will be met with terror”. Students hang Subandrio in effigy.

March Major Nurtanio Pringgoadisurjo, a pioneer of Indonesian aviation, is killed in a test flight.
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Hadith

Hadith (?????? transliteration: al-?ad?th, pl. a?ad?th; lit. “narrative”) are oral traditions relating to the words and deeds of the Islamic prophet Muhammad.[1]

In Islamic terminology, the term hadith refers to reports about the statements or actions of the Islamic prophet Muhammad, or about his tacit approval of something said or done in his presence. Classical hadith specialist Ibn Hajar says that the intended meaning of “hadith” in religious tradition is something attributed to Muhammad, as opposed to the Qur’an. Other associated words possess similar meanings: “khabar” (news, information) often refers to reports about Muhammad, but sometimes refers to traditions about his companions (sah?ba) and their successors from the following generation (t?bi’?n); conversely, “athar” (trace, vestige) usually refers to traditions about the companions and successors, though sometimes connotes traditions about Muhammad. The word sunnah (custom) is also used in reference to a normative custom of Muhammad or the early Muslim community.[2]

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[1] Wikipedia. Also spelled as Hadits or Hadis in Bahasa Indonesia or Malay.
[2] ibid

Quran

The Qur’an[1] (Arabic: al-qur’?n, literally “the recitation”; also sometimes transliterated as Qur’an, Koran, Alcoran or Al-Qur’an) is the central religious text of Islam. Muslims believe the Quran to be the book of divine guidance and direction for mankind, and consider the original Arabic text to be the final revelation of God. Islam holds that the Qur’an was revealed to Muhammad by the angel Jibr?l (Gabriel) over a period of 23 years. The Qur’an purports to be the main miracle of Muhammad, thus its inimitability validates his status as a prophet.[1]

The Qur’an itself expresses that it is the book of guidance. Therefore it rarely offers detailed accounts of historical events; the text instead typically placing emphasis on the moral significance of an event rather than its narrative sequence. It does not describe natural facts in a scientific manner but teaches that natural and supernatural events are signs of God.[2]
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[1] Wikipedia
[2] ibid

Ten Most Corrupt Leaders

World’s Ten Most Corrupt Leaders1

Name Position Funds embezzled2
 1. Mohamed Suharto President of Indonesia (1967–1998) $15–35 billion
 2. Ferdinand Marcos President of the Philippines (1972–1986) 5–10 billion
 3. Mobutu Sese Seko President of Zaire (1965–1997) 5 billion
 4. Sani Abacha President of Nigeria (1993–1998) 2–5 billion
 5. Slobodan Milosevic President of Serbia/Yugoslavia (1989–2000) 1 billion
 6. Jean-Claude Duvalier President of Haiti (1971–1986) 300–800 million
 7. Alberto Fujimori President of Peru (1990–2000) 600 million
 8. Pavlo Lazarenko Prime Minister of Ukraine (1996–1997) 114–200 million
 9. Arnoldo Alemán President of Nicaragua (1997–2002) 100 million
10. Joseph Estrada President of the Philippines (1998–2001) 78–80 million
1. Defined as former political leaders who have been accused of embezzling the most funds from their countries over the past two decades.
2. All sums are estimates of alleged embezzlement and appear in U.S. dollars.
Source: Transparency International Global Corruption Report 2004.

Islamic Renaissance: Interview with Wilfred (Murad) Hoffman

Islamic Renaissance in the West: An Interview with Wilfred (Murad) Hoffman

* Can we consider September eleventh events as a turning point and a beginning of another era? And do you think that there is a suitable Islamic project, dealing with the western mentality, by which we can confront the ramification of such events?
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