Hadith

Hadith (?????? transliteration: al-?ad?th, pl. a?ad?th; lit. “narrative”) are oral traditions relating to the words and deeds of the Islamic prophet Muhammad.[1]

In Islamic terminology, the term hadith refers to reports about the statements or actions of the Islamic prophet Muhammad, or about his tacit approval of something said or done in his presence. Classical hadith specialist Ibn Hajar says that the intended meaning of “hadith” in religious tradition is something attributed to Muhammad, as opposed to the Qur’an. Other associated words possess similar meanings: “khabar” (news, information) often refers to reports about Muhammad, but sometimes refers to traditions about his companions (sah?ba) and their successors from the following generation (t?bi’?n); conversely, “athar” (trace, vestige) usually refers to traditions about the companions and successors, though sometimes connotes traditions about Muhammad. The word sunnah (custom) is also used in reference to a normative custom of Muhammad or the early Muslim community.[2]

–
[1] Wikipedia. Also spelled as Hadits or Hadis in Bahasa Indonesia or Malay.
[2] ibid

Quran

The Qur’an[1] (Arabic: al-qur’?n, literally “the recitation”; also sometimes transliterated as Qur’an, Koran, Alcoran or Al-Qur’an) is the central religious text of Islam. Muslims believe the Quran to be the book of divine guidance and direction for mankind, and consider the original Arabic text to be the final revelation of God. Islam holds that the Qur’an was revealed to Muhammad by the angel Jibr?l (Gabriel) over a period of 23 years. The Qur’an purports to be the main miracle of Muhammad, thus its inimitability validates his status as a prophet.[1]

The Qur’an itself expresses that it is the book of guidance. Therefore it rarely offers detailed accounts of historical events; the text instead typically placing emphasis on the moral significance of an event rather than its narrative sequence. It does not describe natural facts in a scientific manner but teaches that natural and supernatural events are signs of God.[2]
–
[1] Wikipedia
[2] ibid

Ten Most Corrupt Leaders

World’s Ten Most Corrupt Leaders¹

Name	Position	Funds embezzled²
1. Mohamed Suharto	President of Indonesia (1967–1998)	$15–35 billion
2. Ferdinand Marcos	President of the Philippines (1972–1986)	5–10 billion
3. Mobutu Sese Seko	President of Zaire (1965–1997)	5 billion
4. Sani Abacha	President of Nigeria (1993–1998)	2–5 billion
5. Slobodan Milosevic	President of Serbia/Yugoslavia (1989–2000)	1 billion
6. Jean-Claude Duvalier	President of Haiti (1971–1986)	300–800 million
7. Alberto Fujimori	President of Peru (1990–2000)	600 million
8. Pavlo Lazarenko	Prime Minister of Ukraine (1996–1997)	114–200 million
9. Arnoldo Alemán	President of Nicaragua (1997–2002)	100 million
10. Joseph Estrada	President of the Philippines (1998–2001)	78–80 million