Islam

The word “Islam” itself means “Submission to Allah.” The religion of Islam is not named after a person as in the case of “Christianity” which was named after Jesus Christ, “Buddhism” after Gutama Buddha , “Marxism” after Karl Marx, and “Confucianism” after Confucius.

Similarly, Islam is not named after a tribe like “Judaism” after the tribe of Judah and “Hinduism” after the Hindus. The Arabic word “Islam” means the submission or surrender of one’s will to the will of the only true god worthy of worship, “Allah” (known as God “the Father” in Christianity). [1]

The Qur’an states that all Muslims must believe in God, his revelations, his angels, his messengers, and in the “Day of Judgment”.[2]

Five Pillars of Islam

1. The shahadah, which is the basic creed or tenet of Islam: “‘ašhadu ‘al-l? il?ha ill?-ll?hu wa ‘ašhadu ‘anna mu?ammadan ras?lu-ll?h”, or “I testify that there is none worthy of worship except God and I testify that Muhammad is the Messenger of God.” This testament is a foundation for all other beliefs and practices in Islam. Muslims must repeat the shahadah in prayer, and non-Muslims wishing to convert to Islam are required to recite the creed.

2. Salah, or ritual prayer, which must be performed five times a day. Each salah is done facing towards the Kaaba in Mecca. Salah is intended to focus the mind on God, and is seen as a personal communication with him that expresses gratitude and worship. Salah is compulsory but flexibility in the specifics is allowed depending on circumstances. In many Muslim countries, reminders called Adhan (call to prayer) are broadcast publicly from local mosques at the appropriate times. The prayers are recited in the Arabic language, and consist of verses from the Qur’an.

3. Zakat, or alms-giving. This is the practice of giving based on accumulated wealth, and is obligatory for all Muslims who can afford it. The zakat is considered a religious obligation (as opposed to voluntary charity) that the well-off owe to the needy because their wealth is seen as a “trust from God’s bounty”.

3. Sawm, or fasting during the month of Ramadan. Muslims must not eat or drink (among other things) from dawn to dusk during this month, and must be mindful of other sins.

4. Sawm is not obligatory for several groups for whom it would constitute an undue burden. For others, flexibility is allowed depending on circumstances, but missed fasts usually must be made up quickly.

5. The Hajj, which is the pilgrimage during the Islamic month of Dhu al-Hijjah in the city of Mecca. Every able-bodied Muslim who can afford it must make the pilgrimage to Mecca at least once in his or her lifetime.[3]

—
Footnote:
[1] Islamia.com
[2] Wikipedia.org
[3] ibid

Imam Malik

Abu Abdullah Maalik Ibn Anas In Maalik Ibn Abee ‘Aamir Ibn ‘Amr Ibnul-Haarith Ibn Ghaymaan Ibn Khuthayl Ibn ‘Amr Ibnul-Haarith. (c. 715 – 796) (93 AH – 179 AH ). Imam Malik died at the age of 89 in Medina in 796 and is buried in the famous Jannat ul-Baqi cemetery across from the Masjid al Nabawi.

Books

  1. Al-Muwatta
  2. Al-Mudawwanat ul-Kubra

Muslims inhabiting Western Arabia, exclusively subscribe to the Maliki sect.
–
Sources:
Wikipedia
Sunnah.org

How to Make Drop-down Blogroll

1. Copy and paste the following code into your blog (wordpress or blogger.com blogspot). Don’t forget to change the links as you wish.



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How and Where to Put the Code

In wordpress.com or self-hosted wordpress: Put the code in a Text Widget.

In blogger.com / blogspot: put the code into Gadget -> HMTL / JAVASCRIPT.

India and Islam in Indonesia History

Beginning to 1500: The Old Kingdoms and the Coming of Islam

about 100
“Dvipantara” or “Jawa Dwipa” kingdom is reported by Indian scholars to be in Java and Sumatra.

Prince Aji Saka introduces writing system to Java based on scripts of southern India.

Hindu kings rule the area around Kutai on Kalimantan.

“Langasuka” kingdom founded around Kedah in Malaya.

about 400
Taruma kingdom flourishes in West Java.
In these early days, many new plants were introduced into Indonesia, including pepper and teak.

Hinduism, one of Indonesia’s five religions.

Early civilization in Java and Sumatra was heavily influenced by India. Today’s cultures in Indonesia, and even the language, still show influences from the Sanskrit language and literature.

(The first thousand years or so of this timeline are not well-documented. Dates are approximate.)
about 425
Buddhism reaches Sumatra.

Records from these days in Indonesia are scarce, but we do know that sophisticated cultures already existed. The kings and cities of Sumatra and Java are mentioned in records from China, because ambassadors were sent there. Arabs and Persians knew about the area from traders, and even the Greeks and Romans had very distant reports.
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